Stomach: upper abdomen. Putrefactive function, main digestive, with descending as smooth.
General formula: rubbing the abdomen, moxibustion, golden threads, drawing fire back to the center.
Symptoms: (When there is abdominal pain, bloating, and a feeling of an upward thrust in the pit of the heart, the stomach may be diseased.) Abdominal pain, bloating, spitting up acid, acid swallowing, heartburn, heartburn, dry mouth, dryness of the mouth, loose stools, and vomiting are also related to the stomach.

I. Physiological functions and pathological core of the stomach​

​1. Physiological characteristics of the stomach​

• ​government granaryThe main receptor of water and grains, and the Spleen, together with the Spleen, are responsible for digestion (Suwen - Linglan Mysterious Dictionary).
• ​accept surrender as obedient (idiom); to turn sth one's back on its head: Stomach qi needs to be channeled downward; stagnant qi leads to distension and fullness, and reversed upward leads to acid reflux.

​2. Core mechanisms of gastric diseases​

• ​mixing falsehoods with reality (idiom); fig. a mix-up of real and imagined situations: Weakness of qi to propel (gastroptosis), deficiency of yang to warm (cold pain), deficiency of yin to moisten (burning pain).
• ​attack by foreign evil: Cold evil directly in the center (cold condensation in the stomach and epigastric region), and dietary stagnation (food stagnation in the stomach and epigastric region).

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​II. Gastric system dialectic typing and treatment plan

①. Stomach qi deficiency - insufficient stomach qi, insufficient stomach yang, stomach qi not descending

Yellowish color, emaciation of the organism; nausea and vomiting, belching and dryness and acid reflux;
No appetite, with distension and vague pains in the stomach and epigastric region.
Treatment: tonifying the stomach qi, strengthening the spleen and benefiting the qi
Diet: Jujubes, Poria (strengthens the spleen and induces dampness), yam, rice soup
Herbs: licorice, atractylodes, ginseng
Technique: Moxibustion
Note: Hidden pain in the stomach and epigastric region due to deficiency of stomach qi can be treated with moxibustion

②. Stomach Yang Deficiency - Stomach Deficiency Cold Syndrome (experiencing stomach qi deficiency first, which develops step by step into stomach yang deficiency, leading to internalization of deficiency cold)

Yang deficiency gives rise to cold, stomach yang is insufficient, the stomach loses its warmth, cold pain in the stomach and epigastric region, cold and cold hair, stomach cramps, and a preference for warmth, heat and pressure;
Insufficient Stomach-Yang cannot restrain the water in the Stomach, which will lead to upward flooding and vomiting of clear water;
Cold feet and limbs, preferring hot water.
Treatment: Warming the stomach and dispersing cold
Food therapy: ginger and jujube soup (ginger: lowering the stomach and stopping vomiting), ginger and pork belly soup.
Manipulation: belly rub, moxibustion, golden threads

③. Stomach yin deficiency - insufficient stomach yin

The main counterpart is insufficient water, the stomach loses its moistening, dryness, burning pain in the stomach and epigastric region, hunger and lack of appetite, dry mouth, dry throat, dry stools
Tongue: shedding, shedding where the tongue is, where there is yin deficiency
Treatment: (all sweet and cool can nourish Yin fluid) sugar cane, maitake, dendrobium, old duck soup, yam, lily of the valley)
Manipulation: Gongsun, Tianshu (Tianshu requires two simultaneous presses and is strong), drawing fire back to the source of origin

④. Cold condensation in the gastric epigastric region - cold evils offend the stomach, which is a derived symptom of gastric yang deficiency mainly due to lack of gastric yang, and then external cold, which is a real condition

Note: Wear less, show your stomach, ankles, and be aware of life tips
Symptoms: coldness and pain, preferring warmth and pressure; nausea and vomiting, flooding with water; cold limbs from walking.
Treatment: Hot compresses (hot water bags, hot salt packs, generally hot for 15-20 minutes), moxa roasting
Conditioning: warming the middle Jiao, dispersing cold, moving qi and relieving pain
Acupuncture points: Gongsun point for pain relief, earth and water for qi flow
Dietary: galangal, kohlrabi

⑤. Food stagnation in the stomach and epigastric region--accumulation of food

Causes: Explosive drinking and eating, uncontrolled diet, fast food. Bloating, abdominal pain
Symptoms: bad breath, vomiting, do not want to eat, eat less, sour and putrid stools, if constipation due to food accumulation, it must be stagnant, the internal organs inside the qi in the plug qi closed before constipation food reflux, spit acid water, vomiting
Treatment: Passage is the first priority.
General: Nei Ting, Gong Sun, Earth and Water
Dietary therapy: hawthorn, malt, jieneijin, jiao sanxian (hawthorn is not used if the stomach is strong and the spleen is weak; hawthorn is eaten in postpartum abdominal pain, coronary heart disease, angina pectoris and other emergencies to disperse blood).
Drugs: Shukosin capsule (which contains hawthorn) can be used for coronary heart disease, angina pectoris emergencies.
Manipulation: Shakuzawa + Neiguan, Laogong. Laogong presses and rubs, toward the tip of the middle finger, to the outside of the middle finger.
Food therapy: yam porridge, jujube and lotus seed porridge (spleen, stomach, diarrhea, heart and mind), millet porridge, barley porridge, cinnamon porridge, pumpkin porridge, monkey head mushroom chicken soup
Note: Rice cooked with barley is likely to cause edema

​type of certificate (e.g. medical certificate)​	​core pathogenesis​	​typical symptom​	​Therapeutic principles​	​Representative Remedies/Manipulations​
​deficiency of stomach qi​	Weakness of the Spleen and Stomach, with a lack of receptivity	Yellowish color, belching and acid reflux, vague pain in stomach and epigastrium	Tonifying the middle Jiao, invigorating the spleen and harmonizing the stomach	Tetrandrine Soup + moxibustion at the middle point[^User's Notes]
​evidence of deficiency of stomach yang​	Cold arises from a deficiency of yang and stagnation of qi (TCM)	Cold pain in the stomach and epigastric region, preferring warmth and pressure, vomiting clear water	Warming Yang, dispersing cold, regulating Qi and relieving pain	Ryosu Pills + Gold Thread Lift[^User notes]
​deficiency of stomach yin​	Deficiency of Yin fluid, loss of moistening of the stomach	Dry mouth and pharynx, hunger, dry stools	Nourishing Yin, nourishing the stomach, reducing fire and generating fluids	Beneficial stomach soup + Gongsun acupressure[^User notes]
​syndrome in which cold condenses in the stomach and epigastric cavity​	Cold passes through the stomach and obstructs the flow of Qi (TCM)	Severe cold pain, vomiting of water, chills and cold limbs.	Warming the middle Jiao, dispersing cold, promoting circulation of Qi and relieving pain	Epiphyllum Lizhong Pill + Hot Salt Pack[^User Notes]
​evidence of food stagnation in the stomach and epigastric cavity​	Poor diet and stagnation	Distention and fullness in the epigastric region, belching and acid swallowing, constipation	Eliminating food stagnation, clearing internal organs and draining heat	Bohol pills + bloodletting at Nei Ting point[^User notes]

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​III. Characteristic therapies and practical guide​

​1. Manipulation and Acupuncture Points​

• ​weak stomach qi::
  • ​golden thread lift: Lift and pull the Ren Chakra from Tian Tu to Hatou Mei to enhance the passage and descent of stomach qi.
  • ​foot-sanli moxibustion (TCM): 15 minutes daily to replenish stomach qi (Acupuncture and Moxibustion Dacheng).
• ​Stagnant food and epigastric cavity::
  • ​Nei Ting acupoint for bloodletting: Bleed 3-5 drops of blood by puncturing with a three-pronged needle to clear stomach heat.
  • ​kneading: Rub rapidly toward the tip of the middle finger to promote gastrointestinal motility.

​2. Analysis of classic formulas​

• ​Four Gentlemen Soup: Ginseng replenishes qi, Atractylodes macrocephala strengthens the spleen, Poria relieves dampness, and licorice harmonizes the basic formula for treating stomach qi deficiency.
• ​tonic for strengthening the stomach: Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae and Maitake nourish Yin; Radix et Rhizoma Polygoni Multiflori and Radix et Rhizoma Shengdi nourish the stomach; with rock sugar to moisten dryness.

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​IV. Food therapy and daily care​

​1. Food and Drug Program​

• ​weak stomach qi::
  • ​Yam Poria Congee: 100g of yam + 30g of poria + round-grained rice to cook porridge to strengthen the spleen and benefit the vital energy.
  • ​Astragalus and Red Date Tea: Astragalus 10g + red dates 5 decoction, drink instead of tea to replenish qi.
• ​deficiency of stomach yin::
  • ​Dendrobium Dendrobium Ophiopogon Lean Pork Soup: Dendrobium 10g + Ophiopogon 15g + lean pork stewed to nourish yin and moisten dryness.
  • ​autumn pear cream: Duck pear + honey simmered in a paste to relieve dry stomach and throat.

​2. Taboo and health​

• ​dietary taboos: Avoid cold (iced drinks, sashimi) for a cold stomach and spicy (chili peppers, barbecue) for a hot stomach.
• ​Recommendations for working and resting: The stomach meridian is in command at the hour of the hour (7-9am), so drink ginger and jujube tea on an empty stomach in the morning to warm the stomach.

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​V. Modern Research and Classical Tracing​

• ​The Yellow Emperor's Classic of Internal Medicine: "If you eat and drink excessively, your stomach and intestines will be harmed" - emphasizing the importance of dietary moderation for the stomach.
• ​modern research: Moxibustion of the middle acupoint elevates pepsin activity and improves dyspepsia (Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion, 2023).
• ​Tongue Correlation: Points of differentiation between a pale tongue with white moss (stomach qi deficiency) and a red tongue with little moss (stomach yin deficiency).

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​classifier for sums of money: The therapies described in this article need to be guided by Chinese medicine practitioners to identify the evidence, and organic lesions (e.g., gastric ulcers, tumors) need to be treated with a combination of Chinese and Western medicine. The dosage of the formula is the regular dosage for adults, and clinical application requires individualized adjustment.