I. Physiological functions and pathological core of the kidney​

​1. Physiological characteristics of the kidney​

• ​the root of sth.: The hidden essence is responsible for bone and marrow production, and is connected to the brain, opening the orifices in the ear and the two yin (Su Wen - Shang Gu Tian Zhen Lun).
  liver: It is the main bone that produces marrow, the brain that produces marrow, the opening of the orifices in the teeth, its splendor in the hair, it is responsible for the two bowels, it is the main reproductive system, it is related to the metabolism of water and fluids, and it is related to the respiratory system.
• ​water and fire work together (idiom); fig. both sides of the coin: Kidney yin (yuan yin) is the material basis and kidney yang (yuan yang) is the functional driving force, and the balance between the two maintains life activities.
  Medulla, Essence and Blood are different forms of the same substance; Yang transforms Qi and Yin takes shape. The Liver stores Blood, and when regulating the Kidneys, one is regulating the Liver-Yin; at the same time, when regulating Liver-Fire, one is nourishing the Kidney-Yin, so that the Liver and Kidneys can be regulated at the same time. The Liver, by submerging Yin, utilizes Yang.

​2. Core mechanisms of kidney disease​

• ​an imbalance between yin and yang: Yin deficiency leads to internal disturbance of deficiency fire (hot flashes and night sweats), while Yang deficiency leads to loss of warmth (coldness and limb coldness).
• ​lack of firmness of vital energy (TCM): Kidney qi deficiency leads to failure of sealing and storage (spermatorrhea, frequent urination), and shortness of breath and shortness of breath if the kidneys do not hold qi.
• Renal System Total Formula.Moxibustion + manipulation + acupoints
  Moxibustion: Guanyuan, Shenque, Vitality, Baresa
  Manipulation: Three major tendons under the armpits, three major tendons in the belt vein, three major tendons in the Taixi region, and drawing fire back to the source.
  Pressure points: Shakuzawa, chiropractic, rubbing Bajiao, and Comanchong

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​II. Renal system dialectic typing and treatment plan

​Kidney deficiency:

Weakness of the waist and knees, shaking of the teeth and loss of hair, tinnitus and deafness.
Man :Sperm loss and leakage, impotence, deficiency;
Women: scanty menstruation, menorrhagia, infertility, edema, abnormal bowel movement.
deficiency of the vulva or yin in the kidneys (TCM)--Kidney yin's in a bad way.

Deficiency of heat within the birth, long-term disease injury to the kidneys, the kidneys have lost the moistening, the kidney Yin fluid insufficiency can not nourish the bone marrow, the brain marrow, can not restrain the Yang hyperactivity, the heart and kidneys, water and fire do not help.
Main symptoms: lumbar and knee soreness and weakness (prone to aches and pains, water and fire in the heart and kidneys), xuan dizziness and tinnitus (hyperactivity of yang cannot be restrained); inability to submerge the yang, phlegmatic fire, men's yang is strong and easy to lift, leading to sperm leakage, women's menstrual blood is less, amenorrhea, yin deficiency generates internal heat, broken blood, avalanches, skinny people with lots of fire, thinness of the body, hot flashes and night sweats, five heartburns and heat, dryness of the mouth and urine, yellow urine. Kidney yin is the root of the body's yin fluid. For men, look at the kidney; for women, look at the liver.
Treatment:nourish the Yin and reduce fire (idiom); fig. to improve oneself by meditation  
Manipulation:Moxibustion (Guanyuan, Shenque, Vitality, Balsa), Dajin of the Belt Vein, Dajin of Taixi
Food Therapy:Yam (weak and thin, can be used as a long-term nutrient)

deficiency of yang in the kidney (TCM): Weakness of yang qi, loss of warmth, and lack of power in qi transformation

Symptoms: Sore back and kneesflexibleThe coldness of the body, the coldness of the limbs, the whiteness or blackness of the face, dizziness, dizziness, and lack of spirit; impotence in men, uterine cold in women, and infertility.
Kidney yang deficiency, fire does not produce earth, resulting in the spleen is not healthy, finished grain is not transformed, stools for a long time diarrhea.
(A greenish color is more likely to be a liver disease, and a blackish color is more likely to be a kidney disease)
Spleen Yang deficiency is mostly characterized by cold hands and cold upper limbs; Kidney Yang deficiency is mostly characterized by cold feet and cold lower limbs.
Treatment:Nourishes kidney yin and warms kidney yang
Technique.Moxibustion (warming the kidney and yang), chiropractic, shakuzawa, golden line  
Food Therapy:coriander

Kidney qi deficiency (weakness of kidney qi and blood)Kidney qi is deficient, the qi and blood of the kidneys are insufficient and not consolidated (old age, congenital insufficiency, overdoing of sexual intercourse)

Symptoms: frequent urination, lumbar and knee pain and weakness, hearing loss, tinnitus, dizziness, women with scanty diarrhea, miscarriage, men with premature ejaculation.
Manipulation: moxibustion, chiropractic, rubbing the eight bones
Food therapy: Lotus seed, Gorgon fruit (spermatorrhea and seminal emission), Jinliao Guoxing Pill (proprietary Chinese medicine)

​type of certificate (e.g. medical certificate)​	​core pathogenesis​	​typical symptom​	​Therapeutic principles​	​Representative Remedies/Manipulations​
​deficiency of kidney yin​	Loss of kidney yin and hyperactivity of deficiency fire (TCM)	Soreness and weakness of the lower back and knees, hot flashes and night sweats, five heartburns and fever	Nourishes Yin and reduces fire, fills in the essence and marrow	Liu Wei Di Huang Wan, Zuo Gui Wan[^User's Notes]
​deficiency of kidney yang​	Insufficient kidney yang, no power of qi and chemistry	Cold feet and limbs, frequent urination at night, impotence and uterine coldness	Warming and tonifying Kidney-Yang, transforming Qi and promoting diuresis.	Jin Gui Ren Qi Pills, Yu Gui Pills[^User's Notes]
​evidence of lack of firmness of the kidneys​	deficiency of kidney qi, lack of power to regulate	Spermatorrhea, urinary incontinence, scanty vaginal discharge	Nourishing the Kidneys and strengthening the Spleen	Jinliao Guoxin Pills, Shouquan Pills[^User's Notes]
​deficiency of kidney essence​	Congenital deficiencies and developmental delays	Dementia and forgetfulness, developmental delay, premature aging	Filling the essence and tonifying the marrow, benefiting the vital energy and nourishing the blood	Heche Dazao Pills, Gou Deer Er Xian Gum

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​III. Characteristic therapies and practical guide​

​1. Manipulation and Acupuncture Points​

• ​deficiency of the vulva or yin in the kidneys (TCM)::
  • ​Taixi Tendon Release: Push and knead upwards along the Taixi point to the Achilles tendon to nourish kidney yin and reduce deficiency fire.
  • ​the method of invoking fire to return to the origin (idiom); fig. to restore fire to the source: Moxibustion at the Yongquan point to draw down the deficiency fire in the upper Jiao.
• ​deficiency of yang in the kidney (TCM)::
  • ​golden thread lift: Lift and pull the Ren Chakra from Tian Tu to Hatou Mei to stimulate the vital fire.
  • ​acupuncture and moxibustion (Chinese medicine): 15 minutes daily to warm the Kidney-Yang.

​2. Analysis of classic formulas​

• ​Six-flavored Dihuang Pill (Chinese medicine): cooked dihuang nourishes yin, cornelian cherry is astringent, and the three laxatives (zedoary, danpi, and poria) balance the nourishment[^User's Notes].
• ​Jin Qian Kidney Qi Pills: Cooked Di Huang with Gui Zhi and Radix et Rhizoma Polygoni Multiflori, seeks yang in yin to improve back coldness and edema[^User's Notes].

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​IV. Food therapy and daily care​

​1. Food and Drug Program​

• ​Yin deficiency type::
  • ​Mulberry and Black Bean Porridge: Mulberry nourishes yin and black bean nourishes kidney, suitable for people with dizziness and tinnitus.
  • ​Silver Fungus and Lily Soup: Moistening the lungs and promoting the production of fluids, relieving the burning of the lungs by deficiency fire.
• ​Yang deficiency type::
  • ​Lamb and Angelica Soup: Warms Qi and blood, improves cold pain in the lower back and knees.
  • ​Walnut Gorgonberry Congee: Nourishes the kidney and strengthens the essence, relieves frequent nocturia.

​2. Taboo and health​

• ​dietary taboos: Avoid spices (chili peppers, alcohol) for Yin deficiency and cold (cold drinks, seafood) for Yang deficiency.
• ​Recommendations for working and resting: Sleeping at Ohio time (21-23 o'clock) conserves the kidney energy, and in the morning, the method of knocking on the teeth and swallowing fluids strengthens the kidneys.

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​V. Modern Research and Classical Tracing​

• ​The Yellow Emperor's Classic of Internal Medicine: "The kidneys are the main source of water, and they receive the essence of the five viscera and six bowels and hide it" - emphasizing the importance of kidney essence.
• ​modern research: Moxibustion at the vital point elevates mitochondrial ATP synthesis in patients with kidney yang deficiency (Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion, 2023).
• ​Tongue Correlation: Points of differentiation between a red tongue with little moss (Yin deficiency) and a pale, fat tongue with white moss (Yang deficiency).

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​classifier for sums of moneyThe therapies described in this article need to be guided by Chinese medicine practitioners for evidence-based treatment, and chronic kidney disease and hypertension need to be treated with a combination of Chinese and Western medicine. The dosage of the formula is the regular dosage for adults, and clinical application requires individualized adjustment.