​I. Physiological functions and pathological core of the large intestine​

​1. Physiological characteristics of the large intestine​

• ​ushering in officialdom: Receiving the dregs of the small intestine and absorbing water to form feces (Su Wen - Ling Shu) is closely related to the purging of lung qi and the warming of kidney yang.
• ​bodily fluids (general term in Chinese medicine): Absorbs surplus water and regulates water-liquid metabolism; constipation is caused by loss of fluid in the large intestine, and diarrhea is caused by dampness-heat congestion.

​2. Core mechanisms of colorectal disease​

• ​anomaly in conduction: Qi blockage or fluid imbalance, leading to constipation, diarrhea, and prolapse.
• ​Damp-Heat and Deficiency Cold: Damp-heat downward injection will lead to internal urgency and afterward heaviness, and deficiency cold not solidified will lead to slippage and incontinence.

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​Second, colon disease dialectic typing and treatment program

​constipation and diarrhea due to a deficiency in the lungs: Qi and Yang of the large intestine are deficient and cannot be fixed, leading to prolonged ejaculation and prolapse of the anus. Spleen deficiency and subsidence, insufficient zong qi, also prolapse. Yang deficiency of the large intestine, easy to internal cold, cold coagulation, hidden pain in the abdomen, intestinal tinnitus, the abdomen likes warmth and likes to be pressed, and the limbs are not warm.
Treatment:Warming yang and benefiting qi, fixing and regulating
Manipulation: moxa-roasting Shen Que, patting Baihui, Tianshu (pressure point Tianshu, both the same pressure)
Diet:Plums, apples, hawthorn, lemons, pomegranate skins, lotus seeds can also be used. (Acidity can stop diarrhea, but we have to consider whether the stomach and intestines can stand it)

a deficiency of fluid in the large intestine

Internal heat, lung fire lung bath
Insufficient fluid in the large intestine, dryness, dryness and hardness of stools; accumulation of stools in the intestinal tract, leading to bad breath, dry mouth and thirst
Treatment: tonic fluid, need to lubricate the intestines
Diet:Hemp Seed Pills (Chinese medicine), Honey, Lard, Almonds
Manipulation: kneading the abdomen, double pressure on the Tianshu point, Shakuzawa, Kong most

damp-heat syndrome of the large intestine

Symptoms: prolapse of the anus (dampness blocking the large intestine), abdominal pain, diarrhea with pus and blood
Dampness in the large intestine first, water-dampness metabolism does not go out, loose stools, sticky stools, sticky and greasy, leading to accumulation, stagnation and blockage of heat, the formation of dampness-heat, anxious and then heavy, lungs have a dry heat, affecting the large intestine fluid shortage, spleen deficiency and qi traps also have stagnant water-dampness, to regulate the spleen, clearing the lungs of heat.
Manipulation: Foot Sanli, Shakuzawa point, Kongmai point, Quchi, clearing stomach fire.
Dietary therapy : Amaranth, green bean soup, green tea decoction. To combine with the body, spleen and stomach is not good, use less cold food
(When using bananas for constipation, always use ripe bananas)

rectal prolapseDampness obstructs the large intestine; the middle jiao is blocked, stomach qi does not descend, spleen qi does not rise, water-dampness stagnates and condenses, and zong qi sinks.
Manipulation: kneading the abdomen, golden thread, patting Baihui

hemorrhoids:: Dampness and heat are at the forefront of the qi. Heat evils injure the large intestine's collaterals (sedentary people, emotionally anxious people are prone to it)
Treatment: cool the blood and stop bleeding, treat both the surface and the inside, Ma Ying Long, Sophora Jiao Pill.

​type of certificate (e.g. medical certificate)​	​core pathogenesis​	​typical symptom​	​Therapeutic principles​	​Representative Remedies/Manipulations​
​syndrome of damp-heat in the large intestine​	Dampness-heat accumulation and Qi stagnation	Pus and blood in stool, burning anus, urgency and heaviness	Clearing dampness and heat, regulating Qi	Pueraria Mirifica Scutellaria Soup + Amaranthus Dietary Treatment
​evidence of deficiency of fluid in the large intestine​	Insufficient fluid, loss of intestinal moisturizing	Stools as dry as goat droppings, dry and foul-smelling mouth	Laxative, nourishing Yin and promoting the production of fluids	Hemp Seed Pills + Almond Honey Paste
​deficiency cold in the large intestine (TCM)​	deficiency of yang in the spleen and kidneys, lack of power to regulate	Prolonged ejaculation and prolapse of anus, abdominal pain and warmth, lack of warmth in the limbs	Warming Yang and benefiting Qi, consolidating and elevating	Real Visceral Soup + Moxibustion Shen Que
​syndrome in which the qi does not descend​	Lungs and stomach do not descend, and large intestine conduction is blocked	Constipation and bloating, belching and retching	Tonifying the lungs and stomach, inducing stagnation and relaxing the bowels	Gold Line Lift + Shakuzawa Hole Most Pressing

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​III. Characteristic therapies and practical guide​

​1. Manipulation and Acupuncture Points​

• ​damp-heat syndrome::
  • ​Qu Chi + Kong Most: Clearing dampness and heat from the lungs and stomach, with foot-sanli strengthening the spleen and resolving dampness.
  • ​Pressure points at the Tianshu acupoint: Bilateral simultaneous pressure to regulate the large bowel gas machine.
• ​deficiency cold syndrome::
  • ​Moxibustion Shenque + Vital Gate: 15 minutes daily to warm the spleen and kidney yang.
  • ​Baihui pat-down: To elevate the middle qi and improve prolapse.

​2. Analysis of classic formulas​

• ​Scutellaria baicalensis Lian Tang: Pueraria Mirifica detoxifies muscles and raises yang; Scutellaria baicalensis clears dampness and heat for acute enteritis.
• ​hemp seed kernel pellet: Flaxseed moistens the intestines, Citrus aurantium laxative, honey eases the pain and cures intestinal dryness and constipation.

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​IV. Food therapy and daily care​

​1. Food and Drug Program​

• ​hot and humid type (TCM)::
  • ​Amaranth Green Bean Soup: Amaranth clears heat and toxins, mung bean induces diuresis and reduces swelling (caution for those with cold spleen and stomach).
  • ​green tea decoction: Green tea 3g decoction water instead of tea, clearing intestinal dampness and heat (blood in the stool add acacia 5g).
• ​cold and deficiency type (TCM)::
  • ​Pomegranate Peel Brown Sugar Water: Pomegranate peel 10g decoction water with brown sugar, astringent intestines to stop diarrhea.
  • ​Gorgon fruit and walnut porridge: Gorgon fruit strengthens the kidneys and walnuts warm the lungs to improve constipation in yang deficiency.

​2. Taboo and health​

• ​dietary taboos: Avoid spices (chili, alcohol) for dampness and heat, and cold (cold drinks, seafood) for deficiency and cold.
• ​Recommendations for working and resting: Rubbing the abdomen clockwise 100 times in the morning to promote intestinal peristalsis; going to bed before 11:00 at night to conserve Yang Qi.

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​V. Modern Research and Classical Tracing​

• ​The Yellow Emperor's Classic of Internal Medicine: "The large intestine is the organ of conduction, and changes come out of it" - clarifying the conduction function of the large intestine.
• ​modern research: Moxibustion of Shenque points elevates intestinal serum 5-HT levels and improves irritable bowel syndrome.
• ​Tongue Correlation: Points of differentiation between a red tongue with yellowish greasy coating (Damp-Heat) and a pale, fat tongue with white coating (Deficiency-Cold).

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​classifier for sums of money: The therapies described in this article need to be guided by Chinese medicine practitioners to identify the evidence, and organic lesions (e.g., intestinal obstruction, tumors) need to be treated with a combination of Chinese and Western medicine. The dosage of the formula is the regular dosage for adults, and the clinical application needs individualized adjustment.